Annotation of Conceptual Co-reference and Text Mining the Qur’an Abdul Baquee Muhammad Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Computing September, 2012 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. Chapter 2 Sections 2.1 and 2.2 Muhammad, A. and Atwell, E. (2009) A Corpus-based computational model for knowledge representation of the Qur'an. 5th Corpus Linguistics Conference, Liverpool. Muhammad, A. and Atwell, Eric, (2012) "QurAna: corpus of the Qur’an annotated with pronominal anaphora", LREC 2012 Atwell, ES; Brierley, C; Dukes, K; Sawalha, M; Muhammad, A (2011) An Artificial Intelligenc ...