Cardiovascular Disease and Functional Foods: The Effect of Milk Derived Peptides on Hypertension Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension Cardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses many conditions including coronary heart disease, heart attack (myocardial infarction), stroke and hypertension. In 2003, CVD accounted for 16.7 million premature deaths worldwide (World Health Organisation (WHO), 2003), 238000 of which occurred in the UK (Sproston and Primatesta, 2003). In addition to this, CVD seriously affects physical fitness and impacts upon lifestyle resulting in restrictions upon diet, employment, recreation and travel. Hypertension refers to blood pressures above those typical for an adult. Blood pressure is measured indirectly as the highest and lowest pressures in the large artery of the arm, via a pressurised cuff. Blood pressure is presented in the non-SI., units of millimetres of mercury (mmHg). Typically normal blood pressures are below 130 mmHg (the systolic or maximum value occ ...